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Patterns in Nature: Snow and Ice
Ice Cave Ceiling
Photograph by Carsten PeterPeaks and valleys ripple across the ceiling of an ice cave in Bavaria, Germany.
Snowflake Crystal
Photograph by John DunnA snowflake appears translucent when photographed up-close.
Ice Fractures
Photograph by John DunnFractures create ribbon-like patterns in thick ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada.
Dendrite Snowflake
Photograph by Kenneth LibbrechtDendrite snowflakes first occur when the temperature hovers between 30 degrees Fahrenheit (-1 degree Celsius) and 27 degrees Fahrenheit (-3 degrees Celsius).
Glacier Ice
Photograph by John DunnA salmon-colored rock stands out from a background of patterned glacier ice on Baffin Island, Canada.
Sectored Plate Snowflake
Photograph by Kenneth LibbrechtA snowflake's shape depends on the temperature at which it forms. This type of snowflake, called a sectored plate, forms when the temperate dips below about 5 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Celsius).
Plate Snowflake Crystal
Photograph by Kenneth LibbrechtScientists aren't sure why temperature affects crystal formation and leads to different shapes of snowflakes.
Dendrite Snowflake Crystal
Photograph by Kenneth LibbrechtScientist and photographer Kenneth Libbrecht, chair of the physics department at the California Institute of Technology, studies snowflakes "in the wild" and grows his own under controlled conditions.
Snowy Hills
Photograph by Jay DickmanThe sun casts shadows on snow-covered hills in North America.
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